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Look Inside the Train Car US Presidents Used Before Air Force One


  • The Ferdinand Magellan, also known as US Car No. 1, was used by US presidents between 1943 and 1954.
  • It was the president’s official transportation in the days before Air Force One.
  • The car was used by US presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and Dwight Eisenhower.

Long before there was an Air Force One, US presidents traveled the country aboard a 10-foot-wide train car.

Rebuilt in 1942 for presidential use, the Ferdinand Magellan, also known as US Car No. 1, was the president’s official mode of transportation between 1943 and 1954.

Made with detailed security features and enlarged spaces for President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the height of World War II, the armored car became the heaviest railcar ever built in the US, and today, it is the only passenger train car to ever be declared a National Historic Landmark.

The Ferdinand Magellan allowed the president to continue his duties in comfort while on the move. It often traveled with other cars dedicated to radio communications, White House staffers, and members of the press.

Take a look inside the “White House on wheels” that predates Air Force One.

US Car No. 1 was presented to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in December 1942.


He had previously traveled aboard other cars in the Ferdinand Magellan’s fleet.


Library of Congress/Corbis/VCG via Getty Images

On December 18, 1942, the Pullman Company presented a luxury train car that had been rebuilt at the request of the US Secret Service, which had determined that the president needed a secure way to travel during wartime.

Roosevelt most often used the car to travel from Washington, DC, to his home in Hyde Park, New York. The president insisted on not surpassing a speed of 35 miles per hour when traveling aboard the Ferdinand Magellan, making his journeys less efficient and heightening security measures, per the White House Historical Association website.

He last rode the car on March 30, 1945, when he visited his Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia, where he died a few weeks later.

During his time, the president rode over 50,000 miles aboard the presidential train car.

It was most famously used in 1948 during Harry Truman’s “whistle-stop” campaign tour.


truman presidential train car

Truman delivered over 350 speeches from the Ferdinand Magellan’s rear-facing podium.


Bettmann/Bettmann Archive

While the car was built with Roosevelt in mind, including certain designs that would allow him to use a wheelchair on the train, it was his successor, President Harry S. Truman, who used it the most.

The president, who, unlike Roosevelt, opted for a speed of 80 miles per hour, employed the car in his iconic 35-day whistle-stop tour during his reelection campaign in 1948, where he delivered 356 speeches from the back of the Magellan, per Architectural Digest.

By the time Truman’s successor, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, took office, more efficient air travel was starting to replace rail travel, and the US Car No. 1 was used for the last time in 1954.

The car was last used by Ronald Reagan during a commemorative whistle-stop tour in Ohio in 1984.


reagan presidential train car

Reagan brought the car out of retirement in 1984.


Dirck Halstead/Getty Images

In 1984, Reagan brought the Magellan out of retirement for a one-day whistle-stop tour through Ohio during his reelection campaign.

The president traveled from Dayton to Perrysburg and stopped at five locations to give speeches from the rear platform of the presidential car.

Today, the US Car No. 1 sits in a small museum near Zoo Miami.


gold coast train museum in Miami, Florida

The Gold Coast Railroad Museum has been the home of the presidential car since 1959.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

In 1959, the Gold Coast Railroad Museum in Miami, Florida, acquired the car, which had been declared surplus and donated to the Smithsonian — which had no way to store it — in 1958.

Since then, the car has stayed in South Florida, where it is now open to the public.

The Gold Coast Railroad Museum is open Wednesday through Sunday from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekdays and from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekends. A regular adult ticket for the museum costs $12, and tickets for the presidential train car cost an additional $10.

To carry the president, the unique armored car had enhanced security features.


presidential train car

After refurbishing, it became the heaviest train car in the US.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The car, which is 84 feet long, 10 feet wide, and 15 feet tall, was covered with over 1/2 an inch of nickel-steel armor on its sides and featured 3-inch-thick bulletproof glass windows.

It was also the heaviest train car built in the US. After it was refurbished for presidential use, the train car weighed 285,000 pounds, making it much heavier than modern-day war tanks, which often weigh around 100,000 pounds.

The car also had its name, Ferdinand Magellan, removed from its sides in an effort to conceal the president’s presence, although its design often stood out.

Other security features included two escape hatches and a complex security protocol, which included diverting traffic on the rails to ensure that no train traveled ahead or behind the president for at least 30 minutes. Operating under the code name POTUS, the president’s train always had the right of way.

Passengers boarded from the front of the train, which housed the staff quarters and kitchen.


hallway inside us presidential car

The entrance hallway hides the kitchen and staff quarters.


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The entrance through which presidents and their guests would’ve entered is at the front of the car.

In the kitchen, an onboard chef had access to ovens and refrigerators.


kitchen inside presidential train car

The compact train kitchen is equipped with appliances.


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The train’s dedicated chef prepared the president and guests’ meals inside this kitchen.

On the other side of the kitchen, the staff had pantry space to plate the dishes.


pantry presidential train car

The kitchen also features a full-sized sink.


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The kitchen was also equipped with a pantry and a full-size metal sink.

The car housed two staff members: one chef and one porter.


staff quarters in presidential train car

Inside the presidential car, a chef and a porter had sleeping quarters.


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Near the kitchen, a chef and a porter had sleeping quarters that featured an upper and lower berth.

The dining and conference room was in the main cabin of the car.


presidential train car dining room

The room could accommodate the president and seven guests.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The presidential car’s main cabin featured a 6-foot solid mahogany table where the president and his guests — often diplomats or foreign leaders — could gather for dinners or meetings.

The dining room had its own set of presidential china.


china plates inside presidential train car

The gold-lined china set is decorated with the US president’s emblem.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Presidents and guests didn’t have to sacrifice the White House’s luxuries while they were on the move — the dining room had its own set of china decorated with the presidential emblem.

Today, the room displays an example of the glass used in the car’s windows.


bulletproof glass inside presidential train car

The 3-inch bulletproof windows sealed the car from outside access.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The 3-inch-thick laminated bulletproof glass windows were installed when the car was refurbished for the president’s use.

The windows were sealed, so to keep the car ventilated there was a simple form of air conditioning in which fans pushed air cooled by blocks of ice.

The car included two guest bedrooms along with a presidential suite.


stateroom inside presidential train car

Stateroom A, the first guest room aboard the Ferdinand Magellan, has two berths.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The first of two guest bedrooms aboard the US Car No. 1, Stateroom D, included an upper and lower berth, where guests could sleep, and an in-room bathroom.

In these guest rooms, Truman welcomed British Prime Minister Winston Churchill during his visit to the US in 1946, during which he delivered his iconic Iron Curtain speech.

The presidential suite included the president’s sleeping area.


president's bed in presidential train car

Spanning two rooms and a connecting bathroom, the presidential suite was where the president slept.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Designed to accommodate Franklin D. Roosevelt’s wheelchair, the president’s room included a full-size bed, a dresser, and an in-room toilet.

Like most rooms in the car, it was also connected to a telephone, which was extremely rare at the time.

The connecting bathroom inside the presidential suite had a bathtub, a toilet, and a sink.


first lady's bathroom in us car one presidential train car

The bathroom connects the president’s and the first lady’s sleeping areas.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The presidential suite bathroom, equipped with a bathtub, toilet, and sink, connected the president’s and the first lady’s rooms, staterooms B and C.

The bathroom also contained an escape hatch, which was added as a security measure during the car’s refurbishing.

The first lady’s room paralleled the president’s.


the first lady's room in the presidential train car

The first lady’s sleeping area also features a full bed.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Inside the first lady’s quarters was a bed and a dresser, although she didn’t have an in-room bathroom.

The secondary guest bedroom could also be used as a breakfast or gathering room.


stateroom in presidential train car

Stateroom A, also a guestroom, was often used as a breakfast room by the president.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Located towards the back of the car, Stateroom A, the second guest room aboard the Magellan, featured convertible berths, like the other guest room, that could also be used as a breakfast, gathering, or office space for the president or his guests.

The upper berth could be raised into the ceiling, and the lower one could be converted into a sitting booth with a pull-out table.

The presidential car was often attached to train cars housing Secret Service, White House staffers, and the press.


historical photo inside presidential train car

White House correspondents often worked from press cars in trains transporting the president.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The Ferdinand Magellan functioned as a White House on wheels, and was often attached to train cars dedicated to Secret Service, White House staffers, and reporters traveling with the president.

The US Car No. 1 was also often accompanied by two communications cars equipped with control consoles for radio broadcasts and telegraph communications so the president could be reached while he was on the move, per Atlas Obscura.

A narrow hallway led from the staterooms to the observation deck.


hallways inside presidential train car

The hallway walls are decorated with framed pictures from the car’s history.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

A slim, wood-paneled hallway led from the four staterooms to the observation deck at the rear of the car.

The observation lounge featured some of the presidential car’s original furniture.


observation lounge inside presidential train car

The observation deck has a long couch and multiple upholstered chairs.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

The observation room was also enlarged during the refurbishing of the car, allowing it to function as a secondary gathering room for the president and his guests.

During the refurbishment, a submarine escape hatch was added to the car.


escape hatch on presidential train car

The hatch was added as an enhanced security feature.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Part of the car’s security modifications included the addition of escape hatches, like this submarine hatch on the observation lounge.

Today, the observation lounge shows signs of hurricane damage that the car has sustained.


hurricane damage presidential train car

A cracked window shows how Hurricane Andrew affected the historic train car.


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In 1992, Hurricane Andrew hit South Florida, and among its many damages were some sustained by the Magellan.

Although minor, a small window crack shows how the presidential car has stood the test of time.

Traveling presidents could address crowds from a podium on the car’s rear platform.


presidential train car podium

This podium was the scene of many speeches by Roosevelt and Truman.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

At the end of the presidential car was an exposed podium from where the president often addressed crowds.

During Truman’s whistle-stop tour, he spoke from the podium repeatedly, often addressing crowds in different cities within the same day.

The preserved train car stands as a remnant of US history and of how presidents spread their message.


presidential train car

The car has been preserved and is functional up to this day.


Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider

Inactive as the president’s main form of transportation for over 70 years, the Ferdinand Magellan stands as a memory of America’s past.

However, our tour guide pointed out that the car is still on a track connected to current-day railroads and can be requested for use at any moment by the sitting US president.

Although I doubt Donald Trump would want to travel aboard the historic cabin, a modern-day president going on his own whistle-stop tour on US Car No. 1 remains a possibility.





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