Google just acknowledged that you can’t use Google Search without using artificial intelligence.

The search giant announced a slate of new AI products for classrooms and schools on Tuesday as well as more ways for teachers and schools to limit or restrict use of those AI tools. The company said the schools should have control over whether students use AI in the classroom. There’s one catch, though: if a school or teacher blocks the use of Google’s AI features, students won’t be able to use Google Search.

“After listening to schools, teachers, leading researchers, and policymakers, we are now updating our approach to controls for Gemini, Gemini Notebook, Gemini in Classroom, and Google Search,” company executives wrote in a blogpost. “Access to these products will be entirely off for K-12 student accounts until school administrators explicitly turn them on.”

In a comment to the New York Times, Chris Phillips, Google’s vice-president for education, said that there is no Google Search without AI.

“Search and AI are deeply integrated,” said Phillips. A school-wide ban on AI would mean that students “will not have access to search, and they’ll see a message from their school that indicates it’s not available”, he told the Times. The Guardian also reached out to Google but did not hear back by publication.

To some, the move reads like a penalty for not implementing Google’s AI features.

New York City’s mayor, Zohran Mamdani, who recently imposed a one-year moratorium on generative AI tools in city schools through the eighth grade, said Google was exploiting its near-total control of online search.

“Google is trying to use its monopoly power to force AI into our public schools,” Mamdani posted on X. “No corporation should have the power to dictate how we teach our children. Our public schools exist to serve students, not to grow the profit margins of Big Tech.” Lina Khan, former chair of the US Federal Trade Commission, echoed his statement, tweeting that Google was using its monopoly on search to “to coerce schools into adopting AI”.

The ubiquity of Google Search has long made it a critical tool for students, and losing access to it may prove enough of a reason to opt in to using new AI features for schools. Google has also maintained a stranglehold on technology in US classrooms for years by offering cheap and free products. From Gmail and Google Docs to Google Classroom and Google Chromebooks, the company’s suite of software and hardware solutions are among the most widely used in schools.

One of the new features Google announced today was Guided Learning, an AI study tool that “coaches students through the process of problem solving” rather than giving them the answer. The company is planning to integrate Guided Learning directly into Google Search.

“For example, if a student pastes a complex physics problem or asks for help writing a book report in Search, they’ll see prompts to help them think critically and work through the concepts, without going directly to the answer,” the company wrote in a blogpost.

Lila Byock, founder of Schools Beyond Screens, called Google’s announcement a “hostile ultimatum”. Schools Beyond Screens is a national coalition of parents and teachers advocating for more student-centered policies on the use of screens in schools.

“This kind of bullying has no place in our schools,” Byock said in a statement. “Educational value – not shareholder value – must determine which products are used by students and regulators must intervene to prevent big tech from exploiting schoolchildren for profit.”